Low-carb advocates maintain that carbohydrates cause a rise in blood glucose, which causes a rise in insulin to process the glucose. The spike in insulin causes weight gain. By lowering the intake of carbs, the body burns carbohydrate stores and the body releases water. The number on the scale goes down due to the loss of water weight.

When the carbohydrate stores are emptied, the body burns fat for energy, a state known as ketosis. Because the body uses fat for energy, it is not stored in the body which contributes to weight loss.

When following a low-carb diet, bread, pasta, rice, cereal, dairy, crackers, cookies, popcorn, pretzels, potatoes, corn and other foods containing refined sugars are eliminated. However, the dieter is allowed to eat unlimited amounts of eggs, cheese, cream, butter, meat and other fats.

While some low-carb plans allow for saturated fats, others call for lean proteins, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. It all depends on the rigidness of the plan you select. Low-carb lovers report weight loss, better energy levels, balanced blood sugar and improved mental acuity.

Although there is research which proves a low-carb program has a positive effect on weight and lowering cholesterol, some experts warn that excess amounts of saturated fat can be harmful. Also, because dieters must get rid of entire food groups, it can be difficult to stick to the program over a long time.